Fumaric acid is used as a food acidulant in beverages and baking powders. Furthermore, fumaric acid is a pharmaceutically active substance that is used to treat psoriasis or multiple sclerosis [42]. Originally, fumaric acid was isolated from plants belonging to the genus Fumaria, from which its name is derived.

Hydrated lime (calcium hydroxide) is a dry, colorless crystalline powder manufactured by treating calcium oxide (quicklime) with water, in a process called “slaking.” Also known as slack lime, builders lime, or pickling lime, hydrated lime is used in the production of mortars, plasters, cement, paints, hard rubber products, petrochemicals, and in the tanning of leather.